NMF-scan: Non-invasive determination of NMF concentration

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NMFScan_to measure NMF concentration in the skin

Determination of NMF concentration

Rapid, non-invasive measurement of Natural Moisturizing Factor in skin with Raman spectroscopy

Assessment of skin barrier function

Our skin represents a formidable barrier between the body and the outside world. It prevents uncontrolled water loss and protects us against chemicals and micro-organisms. A key component of this barrier is the Natural Moisturizing Factor (NMF), a mixture of salts and amino-acid derivatives that makes up approximately 25% of the dry weight of the stratum corneum. The NMF is largely derived from the enzymatic breakdown of filaggrin, an essential structural skin protein, and for this reason it plays a significant role in keeping the barrier intact.

The NMFScan is a Raman-based prototype device developed to enable fast, non-invasive, in vivo measurement of NMF concentration in the skin. By providing objective insight into skin barrier status, this technology supports research on skin disease, particularly on Atopic Dermatitis (AD).

Why is NMF important for skin barrier function?

Not everyone produces sufficient NMF to maintain a healthy skin barrier. About 10% of the population carries a filaggrin gene (FLG) mutation, which leads to an impaired skin barrier and results in a reduced NMF in the skin.

Many children born with a FLG mutation have developed Atopic Dermatitis and allergies.

An impaired barrier function is associated with increased transepidermal water loss and greater susceptibility to external irritants and allergens. Accurate, early assessment of NMF levels is therefore highly relevant for both research and clinical studies.

What the
NMF-Scan offers

Fast, non-invasive, and user-friendly assessment of Natural Moisturizing Factor levels in the skin

The NMFScan is designed for quick and easy, non-invasive measurements, enabling researchers to assess skin barrier status without discomfort or damage to the skin. The user-friendly nature of the measurement makes the system suitable for use across a wide range of populations, including newborns and sensitive patient groups.

The NMFScan

Loss-of-function mutations in the filaggrin gene lead to decreased production of filaggrin and as a result a reduced NMF-concentration in the stratum corneum.
The NMFScan is a prototype device for quick and easy, non-invasive determination of NMF concentration in the skin. Measurements take about 1 minute and are performed on the thenar eminence.

NMF is a robust biomarker for Loss-of-Function FLG mutations with several advantages:
- Immediate results
- Independent of the specific mutation
- Independent of ethnicity
- Independent of actual disease severity

Early identification of newborns at increased risk of Atopic Dermatitis

The NMFScan enables objective assessment of skin barrier function at a very early age. By measuring NMF concentration shortly after birth, researchers can identify newborns with a FLG mutation who may be at increased risk of developing Atopic Dermatitis. This early insight supports development of preventive strategies and early interventions, and improves understanding of disease onset before clinical symptoms become apparent.

Detection of individuals at risk of occupation-related skin conditions

On the work floor the skin is frequently exposed to irritants, chemicals, or repeated wet work. In such environments, a reduced skin barrier function can increase the risk of developing work-related dermatitis. The NMFScan allows researchers to identify individuals with reduced NMF levels who may be more sensitive to these conditions, supporting risk assessment, monitoring of skin barrier health over time, and evaluation of preventive measures.

Stratification of Atopic Dermatitis patients for personalized disease management

Atopic Dermatitis manifests itself with considerable variation in severity, progression, and treatment response. The NMFScan supports stratification of AD patients based on objective skin barrier measurements, enabling researchers to study subgroups with differing barrier status. This stratification facilitates research into personalized disease management approaches and more targeted evaluation of therapeutic interventions.

Research and clinical applications

In collaboration with hospitals and research institutes in Ireland, Denmark, Germany, and the Netherlands, the NMFScan is being evaluated across a range of research and clinical studies.Current use cases include the early identification of newborns with an increased risk of developing Atopic Dermatitis, the detection of individuals who may be more susceptible to occupation-related skin conditions, and the stratification of Atopic Dermatitis patients to support personalized disease management and treatment strategies.

By enabling objective, non-invasive, in vivo assessment of Natural Moisturizing Factor levels, this Raman-based prototype device supports a deeper understanding of skin barrier function and may support research aimed at prevention, early intervention, and personalized dermatological care.

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Your gateway to knowledge, resources, and best practices in Raman spectroscopy and skin research. Here you’ll find everything you need to deepen your understanding of our technologies, explore real-world applications, and stay informed about the latest scientific developments.

Whether you’re new to Raman-based measurements or an experienced researcher, the Learning Center brings together our tutorials, publications, brochures, and application notes in one place. Each resource is designed to support your work, help you interpret results with confidence, and make the most of RiverD’s instruments and software.

Explore our educational materials, discover new insights, and learn how RiverD’s technologies are transforming non-invasive skin analysis.